Blood Diseases

Table of contents:

Video: Blood Diseases

Video: Blood Diseases
Video: What is Blood? And What are Blood Disorders? 2024, March
Blood Diseases
Blood Diseases
Anonim

Like any other organ, a number of complications and diseases can occur in the blood. Vital substances are transported through the blood to the whole organism and every cell in it.

The blood consists of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and plasma, and its diseases are determined by which of them is affected.

Types of blood diseases

- blood infection (sepsis) - this complication is due to the cause of the infection, creating a purulent focus in the blood. The cause can be boils, wounds, purulent otitis and others;

- leukopenia - this is a disease in which the number of white blood cells is painfully reduced - less than 5000 in 1 cubic millimeter of blood. Leukpenia can be caused by certain poisonings, viral infections, radiation sickness or lymph node disorders. The symptoms of leukopenia appear as the symptoms of the specific disease that causes it;

- leukemia - a progressive disease in which immature forms of white blood cells (leukocytes) are formed. There are several types of leukemia. In addition, there are acute and chronic forms.

- erythremia - a disease in which the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) increases. It may be the result of increased hemoglobin or an enlarged spleen;

- thrombocytopenic purpura - a decrease in platelets in the blood, which is characterized by bleeding. This disease is mainly transmitted genetically;

- Hemophilia - a disease in which there is disturbed and delayed blood clotting. This disease is hereditary and manifests itself in early childhood in both external and internal bleeding;

- anemia - a lack of red blood cells in the body, which reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen to the cells in the body. It can occur as a result of a disease of the digestive system, genital system or a tumor. But it can also be passed down through the generations;

Erythrocytes
Erythrocytes

- lymphoma (blood cancer) - occurs in white blood cells and affects the bone marrow. Lymphomas are tumors, and the symptoms they cause are often overlooked because patients do not think they are due to something serious. Such signs are night sweats, decreased appetite, fatigue and malaise;

Symptoms of blood diseases

Depending on the specific disease, the symptoms are different. Typical signs of sepsis are fever, rapid heartbeat and skin rash.

Leukemia most often begins with fever, chills, sore throat, joint pain, headache, fatigue, palpitations, swelling and wounding of the gums, tonsils, mouth, palate. Patients have bad breath. They often have bleeding from the gums, stomach, and skin.

The symptoms of leukemia determine its type. The disease usually starts slowly and unnoticed.

In the patient with erythremia, the cherry-red coloration of the skin of the face, hands and body, as well as the mucous membranes is noticed. Additional signs include dizziness, headache, tinnitus and nosebleeds.

Thrombocytopenic purpura is predicted by frequent bleeding from the nose and mouth. Bleeding can be observed all over the body - different in size and color.

Patients with hemophilia have very delicate skin and pale complexion. From an early age, they tend to bleed even after minor injuries. They often have bleeding from the nose, gums, after tooth extraction. Internal bleeding is less common - in the lungs, kidneys, stomach and intestines.

In chronic anemia, the patient suffers from headache, dizziness and fatigue. It is easy to get tired and short of breath, especially when performing physical exertion. The mucous membranes and skin are pale and the limbs are cold.

In some cases, however, patients do not have any symptoms or the signs are not so bright - temporary malaise and hair loss.

Diagnosis of blood diseases

If blood disease is suspected, a complete blood count of the patient is prescribed. In addition to determining the amount of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, it contains the presence of vitamins, minerals and hormones.

It is necessary to take a history, which should find the source of the disease.

Treatment of blood diseases

When lymphoma is diagnosed, aggressive treatment is started, including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, stem cell transplantation, and bone marrow transplantation.

Treatment of anemia begins with medication, after which doctors recommend walks in the fresh air and adequate sleep. It is necessary to increase the consumption of honey, apples, nettles, spinach, eggs, yogurt, brewer's yeast and fish.

The treatment of hemophilia is a substitute and is carried out throughout the patient's life. The goal is to increase the level of antihemophilic globulin in the patient's blood.

The patient must take various medications, and in some cases it is necessary to make blood transfusions every 12 hours. Infusions are also made for thrombocytopenic purpura.

Leukemia is treated with chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Treatment for erythremia is medication. Sepsis is also controlled with medication.

Recommended: