Enterocolitis

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Video: Enterocolitis

Video: Enterocolitis
Video: Necrotizing Enterocolitis – Surgery | Lecturio 2024, March
Enterocolitis
Enterocolitis
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Enterocolitis is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that occurs in two main forms - acute and chronic enterocolitis. Enterocolitis can affect people of any age.

Types of enterocolitis

Acute enterocolitis - is an independent inflammation of the small intestine and is relatively rare. It is usually combined with inflammation of the lining of the colon. In most cases, acute enterocolitis is due to food poisoning caused by various salmonellae.

Infection can occur through the consumption of infected fish, meat, milk, eggs, cheese and more. Most food poisoning infections are caused by Salmonela typhi murium and Salmonela enteritidis. Enterocolitis caused by acute food poisoning begins very violently, a few hours after ingestion of the infected product.

Chronic / ulcerative / enterocolitis - is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon. Characteristic of the chronic enterocolitis are superficial bleeding ulcers and diffuse bleeding from the intestinal mucosa.

The chronic process can affect the entire colon or parts of it - the sigmoid colon, rectum and others. Chronic enterocolitis usually occurs between the ages of 15 and 30 and between the ages of 60 and 80. The disease is most common in Europe and America, with women suffering the most.

Symptoms of Enterocolitis
Symptoms of Enterocolitis

The causes of chronic enterocolitis are not fully understood. The involvement of neurogenic, infectious, hereditary, psychogenic and immune factors is mentioned. Some believe that chronic enterocolitis is an autoimmune disease.

Symptoms of enterocolitis

Symptoms of acute enterocolitis - Abdominal pains are characteristic, which are localized mainly around the navel. Other manifestations of acute enterocolitis are rumbling of the intestines, a feeling of exhaustion.

Diarrhea occurs very quickly, at first the stools are mushy, and then they become liquid and copious, with an unpleasant odor. The abdomen is slightly swollen, there is pain when pressed, and the peristalsis of the intestine is increased.

In more severe cases, the patients lose a lot of weight and have a great thirst. The eyes become sunken due to fluid loss and the limbs become bluish and cold. The condition of persons with acute enterocolitis sometimes it can get seriously worse and collapse in a few hours. In the first days the temperature rises to 38-39 degrees and the urine decreases.

Symptoms of chronic enterocolitis - manifested by painful urges to defecate and frequent bowel movements, which are mixed with mucus, blood and sometimes pus. Patients complain of colic-like pain and fever, vomiting, dehydration and weight loss.

There are four clinical forms. The first is light. It is characterized by several bowel movements over a period of 24 hours of stool mixed with mucus and blood. The moderate form is characterized by abdominal pain, 5 to 10 bowel movements of bloody and mucous stools. The person's condition is damaged.

Nutrition in Enterocolitis
Nutrition in Enterocolitis

In the severe form, 15-20 bowel movements of mucus, blood and pus are observed. The last form is lightning fast. It is characterized by repeated bowel movements with liquid stools with blood and pus, fever, constant abdominal pain, pale and dry skin, palpitations, and sometimes impaired consciousness.

Diagnosis of enterocolitis

The diagnosis enterocolitis is performed on the basis of the anamnesis data, as well as bacteriological examination of the stool to exclude infectious colitis. Laboratory tests, rectoscopy and colonoscopy with biopsy, leukocyte scintiography, etc. are appointed.

Treatment of enterocolitis

Nutrition is extremely important in the fight against enterocolitis. The diet should be rich in protein but low in fiber. Dairy products and milk are banned and fat consumption is limited. Lean meats, rice, potatoes, lean fish, pectin-rich fruits are recommended. Fluids increase.

Drug treatment of enterocolitis consists in the application of various salicylates, immunosuppressants, corticosteroids and symptomatic agents - analgesics, antispasmodics, antidotes and antianemic drugs.

In case of failure of medical treatment and in case of bleeding, perforation, frequent and severe symptoms, surgical treatment is required. It consists in removing part or even the entire colon.

The article is informative and does not replace a consultation with a doctor!

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