Ventricular Tachycardia

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Video: Ventricular Tachycardia

Video: Ventricular Tachycardia
Video: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment & pathology 2024, March
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia
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Ventricular tachycardia is one of the most serious heart rhythm disorders. It is defined as the occurrence of three or more contractions in chambers that have a frequency exceeding 100 beats per minute.

The duration of the attacks is different, which is why ventricular tachycardias are considered as long-term / long-term / and short-term / short-term / tachycardia. Prolonged ventricular tachycardia lasts more than half a minute and proceeds with severe hemodynamic collapse - a condition that requires immediate application of electric shock. The transient ventricular tachycardia lasts less than half a minute and resolves spontaneously.

Another division of ventricular tachycardias is according to the shape of the individual ventricular complexes, which are detected by ECG. According to the results are divided into polymorphic and monomorphic. Characteristic of the monomorphic ventricular tachycardia is that all chamber complexes have the same shape, and in the polymorphic - the complexes have a different shape.

Causes of ventricular tachycardia

The reasons for the appearance of prolonged ventricular tachycardia in almost all cases they are due to organic heart disease, the most common of which are ischemic disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. The short monomorphic ventricular tachycardia occurs more often than prolonged. It can occur in any heart disease, whether acute or chronic. This type of tachycardia is usually a symptom of very serious heart disease. It often occurs in various metabolic disorders, hypoxia, administration of certain antidepressants, operations and invasive procedures in the heart.

Symptoms of ventricular tachycardia

Ventricular tachycardia it takes place in two main ways - inaccessible and inaccessible. Episodes of its occurrence may be rare or, conversely, too frequent. The frequency of tachycardic episodes varies from patient to patient.

Symptoms of the disease include palpitations and marked fatigue and easy tiredness, dizziness, syncope, shortness of breath, heaviness and chest pain. In itself, high-frequency ventricular tachycardia can cause cardiac arrest. Prolonged ventricular tachycardia manifested by brief but recurrent bouts of palpitations, dizziness, and general weakness. In some cases, ventricular tachycardia is almost asymptomatic.

The state of hemodynamics and symptoms depend on the frequency of ventricular contractions, the duration of tachycardia, the state of ventricular function, the type and severity of the underlying disease.

High-frequency ventricular tachycardia is characterized by the appearance of more than 150 beats per minute and can cause pulmonary edema, hypertension, acute cerebral ischemia and cardiac arrest.

Prolonged tachycardia less than 150 beats per minute, which causes only a slight increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

Heart attack
Heart attack

Diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia

First, a physical examination is ordered. In the presence of prolonged tachycardia, persistent tachycardia is observed, with a frequency of 120 to 250 beats per minute and a regular rhythm.

Prolonged tachycardia is characterized by recurrent bursts at different times. In many cases, impaired hemodynamics are observed.

The most important test to make an accurate diagnosis is the electrocardiogram. It most accurately identifies the changes and distinguishes the different types of ventricular tachycardia.

Treatment of ventricular tachycardia

When ventricular tachycardia occurs with unstable hemodynamics, electroshock should be applied immediately. In the presence of stable hemodynamics, the treatment has several goals to perform - retention and conversion of sinus rhythm, application of therapy for the underlying disease and treatment against recurrence.

Special anti-arrhythmic drugs, drugs for the treatment of heart failure and many others are prescribed. When the heart does not respond properly to the prescribed medication, and the symptoms continue to worsen, a special procedure should be performed - high-frequency catheter ablation and placement of a permanent pacemaker.

The article is informative and does not replace a consultation with a doctor!